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The GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.

As a positioning system, GPS allows users to map waypoints, tracking their position on a map to within a few meters of their exact location. Civilian use GPS systems are made by companies such as Magellan, Garmin and Trimble.


The first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched in February 1978. The GPS satellites were initially manufactured by Rockwell International and now manufactured by Lockheed Martin.

The US military has developed the ability to locally deny GPS (and other navigation services) to hostile forces in a specific area of crisis without affecting the rest of the world or its own military systems. Such Navigation Warfare uses techniques such as local jamming to replace the blunt, world-wide degradation of civilian GPS service that SA represented.

In 1998, Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability, particularly with respect to aviation safety.

Because GPS is as much an accurate time keeper as a locator, one of the most common applications for GPS units is as a reference clock for time code generators or NTP clocks. For instance, when monitoring earthquakes, each seismic sensor can be synched with the GPS system to provide a synchronized, precise time source for measurements.

Atomic clocks on the GPS satellites are set to "GPS time", which is the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 6, 1980. UTC is short for Coordinated Universal Time. Today, GPS time is 14 seconds ahead of UTC, because it does not follow leap seconds. That's why new GPS units initially show the incorrect time after achieving a GPS lock for the first time. However, this is usually corrected on the display within 15 minutes once the UTC offset message is received for the first time.

More accurate GPS receivers are used these days in surveying to accurately locate boundaries, structures and so on.

GPS is coming into common use in cars these days. Most new cars allow you to purchase GPS technology that will help you plot your trip from one location to the next.

The United States Department of Defense developed the system, officially named NAVSTAR GPS (Navigation Signal Timing and Ranging GPS), and the satellites are managed by the 50th Space Wing at Schriever Air Force Base. Although the cost of maintaining the system is significant, GPS is available for free use in civilian and commercial applications.

In early years, the US military made the civilian application purposefully less powerful than it could. But since August 2000, the GPS civilian application provides the accuracy of GPS signals to within 2 meters (6 ft). Fact is, GPS accuracy can be improved further, to about 1 cm (half an inch) over short distances, using techniques such as Differential GPS (DGPS).

The author would have loved to have used GPS years ago in college. We had a class where we used maps and compasses. We were given precise coordinates and had to plot a course through woods and streams and swamps to find and sign in at specific latitude and longitude coordinates. Today, this sport, now called "geocaching", is a popular activity, particularly for outdoor hiking enthusiasts.

When it was first deployed, GPS included a feature called Selective Availability (or SA) that introduced intentional errors of up to a hundred meters into the publicly available navigation signals, making it difficult to use for guiding long range missiles to precise targets. Additional accuracy was available in the signal, but in an encrypted form that was only available to the United States military, its allies and a few others, mostly government users.

Selective Availablity typically added signal errors of up to about 10 m horizontally and 30 m vertically. The inaccuracy of the civilian signal was deliberately encoded so as not to change very quickly, for instance the entire eastern US area might read 30 m off, but 30 m off everywhere and in the same direction. In order to improve the usefulness of GPS for civilian navigation, Differential GPS was used by many civilian GPS receivers to greatly improve accuracy.



1. Global navigation satellite system - Wikipedia, the free ...
Jump to: navigation, search. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is the standard ... Core Satellite navigation systems, currently GPS, Galileo and GLONASS. ...

2. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. space-based global navigation satellite system. ... GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for ...

3. GPS Satellite Navigation - Satellite Navigation
All about GPS, GPS navigation systems as well as laptop GPS, GPS watches, GPS devices, satellite, GPS accessories and navigation instruments for marine, fishfinding, ...

4. Navigation Services
The Federal Aviation Administration is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. ... Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Program Office provides satellite (GPS) based ...

5. Global Positioning System
Public information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems

6. TomTom
GPS solutions for your Car, Motorcycle, PDA and mobile phone - The smart choice in personal navigation.

7. GPS Satellite Navigation - Sat Nav Reviews, Compare GPS Sat ...
Satellite Navigation System: Read Expert Reviews, Compare Prices of Sat Nav, GPS systems. Compare prices and read reviews of TomTom, Megallan, Viamichelin, ...

8. GPS: The Role of Atomic C... - It Started with Basic Res...
The proof that a satellite's orbit could be precisely determined from the ground was the ... of Defense was looking for a foolproof method of satellite navigation. ...

9. Magellan
Specializing in satellite navigation and communication products.

10. ComStream
Finding GPS Systems for a variety of uses, Car GPS Systems, Portable GPS Systems...Satellite Technology for Communication and Entertainment. ...

11. Garmin | What is GPS?
The global positioning system is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of a network of 24 orbiting satellites, eleven thousand nautical miles ...

12. Global Positioning System Overview
GPS is a Satellite Navigation System. GPS is funded by and controlled by the U. S. ... GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed ...

13. GPS Satellite Navigation (Sat Nav) and GPS Speed Camera ...
GPS Satellite Navigation and Speed Camera Detectors. www.undetected.co.uk offer a wide range of products such as Sat Nav Systems (Satellite Navigation) ...

14. Find the best deals, and the top sellers on GPS Satellite ...
GPS Satellite Navigation,GPS Satellite Navigation System,GPS Portable Satellite Navigation System. Find the top selling navigation systems, and the ...

15. Satellite Navigation
GPS or Satellite navigation systems are rapidly becoming a necessity for the modern driver. Find the satellite navigation system that meets your needs.

16. Air navigation GPS (xhtml w3c 01/10)
GPS navigation will then be accepted as a sole means of en route navigation provided ... GPS or the NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging [NAVSTAR] system consists of ...

17. GPS Satellite Navigation
If you are interested in GPS satellite navigation you should check out the products ... The Indic8tor is one of the latest GPS satellite navigation systems. ...

18. Weston's GPS Sattelite information format tutorial
The GPS Navigation Message. The navigation message is a continuous 50 bits/second data stream modulated onto the carrier signal of every satellite. ...

19. How Does GPS Work?
GPS receivers passively receive satellite signals; they do not transmit. ... Each GPS satellite transmits data that indicates its location and the current time. ...

20. Cheap GPS Systems| Portable GPS System| GPS Navigation ...
Our advanced search technology scours the Internet for the cheapest GPS systems, accessories, and other satellite navigation GPS products. ...

21. GPS General Information - USCG Navigation Center
USCG Navigation Center ... From our site, you may view or download current and archived GPS satellite information such as status messages, precise ephemeris data, and almanacs. ...

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Compare, buy and review latest sat nav GPS satellite navigation systems.

23. Global Positioning System
The satellite-based navigation system we are using is not dependent on expensive ground ... The trend toward an Area Navigation concept means a greater role for GPS. ...

24. GPS Portable | A Portable GPS Device Is A Great Gift For A Man
Satellite GPS Navigation. Global Positioning Systems | GPS Systems & Accessories ... A GPS watch with its added functionality, would be very appealing for any man ...

25. GPS Sport: GPS Navigation, GPS orientiering - Sport Satellite ...
GPS-Sport :: About the project. I EUROPE SPORT SATELLITE NAVIGATION CHAMPIONSHIP WILL TAKE PLACE ON 30.06.2006-01.07.2006 NEAR SAINT-PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. ...

26. Satellite Navigation Using GPS
A GPS receiver aboard a spacecraft can provide the means for autonomous navigation and ... Centre is carrying out in the field of satellite navigation using GPS. ...

27. Snooper Satellite Navigation
Snooper designs new and better sat nav systems, car GPS, caravan & truck sat navs, speed camera detectors, golf GPS and satellite navigation tracking.

28. Satellite Gps Navigation Software - Video
Watch Video about Gps Navigation,Satellite Navigation by Metacafe.com ... GPS solutions for your Car, Motorcycle, PDA and mobile phone - The smart choice ...

29. Magellan GPS
Global satellite navigation is an exciting technology, providing ... There are two Global Navigation Satellite Systems currently in operation; the U.S. Global ...

30. Professor Graham Bailey - Satellite Navigation
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites. ... Currently, GPS alone does not meet the FAA's navigation requirements ...

31. Understanding GPS , Global Positioning System , Satellite ...
GPS (Global Positioning system) is a Satellite Navigation System. ... GPS is a revolutionary system of navigation because it works anywhere in the world, in ...

32. Best GPS Navigation Systems | GPS Navigation Shop
Want to buy a GPS Navigation System? We have hundreds of Navigation Systems & Accessories at Discount Prices, Including TomTom & Garmin

33. GPS Satellite Navigation Explained
Information on GPS handheld navigation, SatNav and handheld positioning systems, from the UK tech site FileSaveAs

34. WAAS Technology | Compare GPS Sat Nav systems
In fact, the GPS satellite information that is communicated to the ground stations is to ... Peepo engages the satellite navigation technology to track destinations. ...

35. GPS Global Positioning System Navigation GPS
Global Positioning System better known as GPS is the only fully functional Global Navigation Satellite System ...

36. GPS Navigation, Car Audio & Satellite Radio | RadioShack.com
Visit RadioShack.com today for GPS navigation, car audio, satellite radio and more. RadioShack also offers the lastest in GPS receivers, marine audio, ...

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