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The GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.

As a positioning system, GPS allows users to map waypoints, tracking their position on a map to within a few meters of their exact location. Civilian use GPS systems are made by companies such as Magellan, Garmin and Trimble.

During the Gulf War, the shortage of military GPS units and the wide availability of civilian ones among personnel resulted in disabling the Selective Availability. In the 1990s the FAA started pressuring the military to turn off SA permanently. This would save the FAA millions of dollars every year in maintenance of their own, less accurate, radio navigation systems. The military resisted for most of the 1990s, but SA was eventually turned off in 2000 following an announcement by then US President Bill Clinton, allowing all users to enjoy nearly the same level of access.

Most ships and airplanes are equipped with GPS systems so that they can accurately plot on a map where they are. In planes, this is especially useful during bad weather, and in ships in knowing where shallow water and other sunken obstacles may lie.

GPS has become a vital global utility, indispensable for modern navigation on land, sea, and air around the world, as well as an important tool for map-making, and land surveying. GPS also provides an extremely precise time reference, required for telecommunications and some scientific research, including the study of earthquakes.

In 1996, President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS to be a dual-use system, meaning that it could be made avilable for a wide range of civilian and military purposes.

GPS was first made available for commercial applications in 1983, after the Soviet Air Force shot down the civilian airliner KAL 007 in restricted Soviet airspace, killing all 269 people on board.

GPS allows the military to accurately target its missile arsenal, largely composed of cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. This was born out by the use of SOFLAM (Special Operations Forces Laser Acquisition Markers) targeting during the attacks on Tora Bora in Afghanistan. It also improves the accuracy of the US submarine launched ballistic missiles by providing precise locational information to the submarine commanders. Finally, command and control over troops is improved because commanders know precisely where their troops and the enemy are located on the battlefield.

GPS is coming into common use in cars these days. Most new cars allow you to purchase GPS technology that will help you plot your trip from one location to the next.

When it was first deployed, GPS included a feature called Selective Availability (or SA) that introduced intentional errors of up to a hundred meters into the publicly available navigation signals, making it difficult to use for guiding long range missiles to precise targets. Additional accuracy was available in the signal, but in an encrypted form that was only available to the United States military, its allies and a few others, mostly government users.

Each satellite repeatedly re-broadcasts the exact time according to its internal atomic clock along with a digital data packet that includes the satellite's precise position, satellite status messages, and an almanac of the approximate position of every other active GPS satellite. The almanac lets GPS receivers use data from the strongest satellite signal to locate other satellites.

GPS is short for (the) Global Positioning System, a satellite navigation system developed by the US Department of Defense. A fleet of more than two dozen GPS satellites broadcasts precise timing signals to GPS receivers, allowing them to accurately determine location anywhere on Earth. In practice, this means that using a GPS device, you can find out where you are in terms of longitude, latitude and altitude.

In late 2005, the US government introduced the first in a series of new generation GPS staellites offering new capabilities. Chief among these is a second civilian GPS signal called L2C for greater accuracy and reliability.

GPS receivers calculate their current position (latitude, longitude, elevation), and the precise time, using the process of trilateration after measuring the distance to at least four satellites by comparing the satellites' coded time signal transmissions.

Hand-held GPS units are often used by hikers and mountain climbers to plot their courses and to accurately reflect exactly where they are. The author once used GPS to organize a helicopter evacuation of an injured motorcycle rider in a remote region of the La Sal mountains in Utah. A reading was taken, coordinates given, and the pilot was able to find us with ease.

Because GPS is as much an accurate time keeper as a locator, one of the most common applications for GPS units is as a reference clock for time code generators or NTP clocks. For instance, when monitoring earthquakes, each seismic sensor can be synched with the GPS system to provide a synchronized, precise time source for measurements.

In 1985, ten experimental Block-I satellites were up. A complete "constellation" of 24 satellites was in orbit by January 17, 1994.

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