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The GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.

As a positioning system, GPS allows users to map waypoints, tracking their position on a map to within a few meters of their exact location. Civilian use GPS systems are made by companies such as Magellan, Garmin and Trimble.


GPS receivers calculate their current position (latitude, longitude, elevation), and the precise time, using the process of trilateration after measuring the distance to at least four satellites by comparing the satellites' coded time signal transmissions.

GPS signals can also be affected by multipath reflections of the radio signals off the ground and/or surrounding structures (buildings, canyon walls, etc). For long delay multipath signals, the receiver itself can filter the signals out. A variety of receiver techniques, most notably Narrow Correlator spacing, have been developed to mitigate multipath errors.

GPS receivers come in a variety of consumer formats, and today can be found in cars, watches, phones boats and planes. Major manufacturers include Trimble, Garmin and Leica, low-end, hand-held consumer units are often available at less than $100 per unit.

GPS was first made available for commercial applications in 1983, after the Soviet Air Force shot down the civilian airliner KAL 007 in restricted Soviet airspace, killing all 269 people on board.

In late 2005, the US government introduced the first in a series of new generation GPS staellites offering new capabilities. Chief among these is a second civilian GPS signal called L2C for greater accuracy and reliability.

Atomic clocks on the GPS satellites are set to "GPS time", which is the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 6, 1980. UTC is short for Coordinated Universal Time. Today, GPS time is 14 seconds ahead of UTC, because it does not follow leap seconds. That's why new GPS units initially show the incorrect time after achieving a GPS lock for the first time. However, this is usually corrected on the display within 15 minutes once the UTC offset message is received for the first time.

Selective Availablity typically added signal errors of up to about 10 m horizontally and 30 m vertically. The inaccuracy of the civilian signal was deliberately encoded so as not to change very quickly, for instance the entire eastern US area might read 30 m off, but 30 m off everywhere and in the same direction. In order to improve the usefulness of GPS for civilian navigation, Differential GPS was used by many civilian GPS receivers to greatly improve accuracy.

The author would have loved to have used GPS years ago in college. We had a class where we used maps and compasses. We were given precise coordinates and had to plot a course through woods and streams and swamps to find and sign in at specific latitude and longitude coordinates. Today, this sport, now called "geocaching", is a popular activity, particularly for outdoor hiking enthusiasts.

GPS derives in part from its predecssor, the LORAN navigation system. LORAN was designed for ship and airplane navigation in the 1940s for use during World War II.

In 1998, Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability, particularly with respect to aviation safety.

GPS has become a vital global utility, indispensable for modern navigation on land, sea, and air around the world, as well as an important tool for map-making, and land surveying. GPS also provides an extremely precise time reference, required for telecommunications and some scientific research, including the study of earthquakes.

When it was first deployed, GPS included a feature called Selective Availability (or SA) that introduced intentional errors of up to a hundred meters into the publicly available navigation signals, making it difficult to use for guiding long range missiles to precise targets. Additional accuracy was available in the signal, but in an encrypted form that was only available to the United States military, its allies and a few others, mostly government users.

In 1985, ten experimental Block-I satellites were up. A complete "constellation" of 24 satellites was in orbit by January 17, 1994.

More accurate GPS receivers are used these days in surveying to accurately locate boundaries, structures and so on.



1. HOLUX - The Pro Name in GPS
The HOLUX M-1200 Bluetooth GPS Receiver provides a easy-to-use trip ... GR-213U Smart GPS Receiver is a total solution GPS receiver, designed based on SiRF Star ...

2. Garmin
Designs, manufactures, and markets GPS navigation and communications equipment.

3. TRAMsoft GPS receivers and navigation programs (English)
Available at the TRAMsoft CyberStore: GPS receivers and navigation programs.

4. Garmin nüvi 350 Auto GPS Receiver US & Europe Maps on eBay!
Find Garmin nüvi 350 Auto GPS Receiver US & Europe Maps and a huge selection of other items on eBay.com.

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Magellan Portable GPS Receiver MapSend Streets Europe - 980599 ON SALE Magellan GPS Accessories.

6. GPS Receivers / GPS / Support / EN - PENTAGRAM
PENTAGRAM EUROPE products: MP3, MP4 players (Vanquish, Eon), GPS receiver (Nomad, PathFinder). Computer accessories: routers (Cerberus), cooling (Freezone) ...

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Magellan Portable GPS Receiver DataSend Europe - 990450 ON SALE Magellan GPS Accessories.

8. Best GPS Devices for Europe
Find the best and worst GPS Devices for Europe. Wize has read thousands of GPS Device reviews from sites like Amazon, Sears, and Walmart. ...

9. Nokia Europe - Using GPS - Nokia 5800 XpressMusic support
Get familiar with using GPS. Know how to enable or disable different positioning methods, and how to hold your device correctly to receive the GPS signal.

10. Nokia Europe - Nokia Wireless GPS Module LD-3W - Overview
Nokia Wireless GPS Module LD-3W gives you more of what you want in a mobile phone. Find more information about Nokia Wireless GPS Module LD-3W. ...

11. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GPS receivers are now integrated in many mobile phones. The Global Positioning System ... the European Community establishing cooperation related to GPS and Europe's planned ...

12. handheld gps europe - GPS Devices - Product Reviews, Compare ...
Shop for handheld gps europe. Price comparison, consumer reviews, and store ratings on Shopping.com ... Garmin Streetpilot 7200 7-inch GPS Receiver - Europe - North America ...

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16. GPS Europe & UK
GPS products for the Europe and; UK market from MightyGPS.com

17. TomTom RIDER 2nd edition Europe - GPS receiver - motorcycle
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18. Tomtom One Europe v2 GPS Receiver Problems by FixYa
Free tech support for Tomtom One Europe v2 GPS Receiver and help with Tomtom One Europe v2 GPS Receiver installation, troubleshooting, repairs and upgrades

19. Introduction to the Global Positioning System - Wikipedia ...
Civilian GPS receiver in a marine application. The Global Positioning ... The GPS receiver also uses, when appropriate, the knowledge that the GPS receiver is on ...

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Europe GPS - 53 results like the Garmin Nuvi 1490T 5" GPS with European maps, Bluetooth, TMC Traffic - European maps ONLY on this unit, Garmin nuvi ...

21. Mio Europe | World Leader in GPS Navigation Systems & GPS Devices
Explore world leading GPS systems and GPS devices from Mio - The experts in GPS navigation

22. List of Supported Magellan GPS Receivers for EasyGPS Free GPS ...
EasyGPS Free GPS Software works with these Magellan handheld GPS receivers.

23. Socket Bluetooth Receiver
PDA GPS | Laptop GPS | GPS Antennaes & Receivers | Maps | Tracking | Gear & Gadgets ... discontinued. Find more europe gps items here. Custom Search ...

24. GPS Software Europe - Compare Prices, Reviews and Buy at ...
GPS Software Europe - 26 results like the Garmin Travel Guide Central Europe (010-10672-03), Garmin City Navigator Europe NT 2010 MicroSD/SD - 010 ...

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Laipac manufacture GPS tracking systems, S911 bracelet locator, S-911 personal locator, Starfinder AVL for personal tracking, vehicle tracking & fleets ...

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Binatone B350 Car GPS Receiver UK and EUROPE. Jun.27, 2010 in Binatone ... NEW TOMTOM GO 940 LIVE SAT NAV EUROPE, US & CANADA GPS. Brand New Sony NAV-U NV U50 Sat ...

27. Price Comparisons on GPS Receivers - Compare Prices | Planet ...
Planet Prices UK compares prices on GPS Receivers and much more from thousands of renowned UK retailers

28. GPS & GLONASS RX - theory
Homemade GPS & GLONASS receiver ... Besides the challenge to build a satellite receiver radio amateurs can use GPS and GLONASS signals in other ways as well. ...

29. Different types of GPS receivers
Please be aware of the different types of GPS receivers that exist.

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Find Sony NV-U52 Car GPS Receiver (U52 Regional Europe) on eBay International Market, with worldwide deals on everything from cars, clothing, collectibles, and ...

31. Navman F20 Europe Gps Receiver - Reviews, Prices and Discount ...
Navman F20 Europe Gps Receiver, read the latest user reviews and compare prices on Navman F20 Europe Gps Receiver.

32. European Gps-European Gps Manufacturers, Suppliers and ...
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33. How to Choose a GPS Receiver: Expert Advice from REI
A GPS receiver does NOT replace a traditional map and compass or the ability to use them. ... A limited number of international maps, particularly of Europe, are also available. ...

34. Garmin GPS Receivers, Garmin GPS Accessories, Garmin GPS Software
Authorized reseller of Garmin GPS Receivers, Garmin GPS Software, Garmin GPS Accessories, plus Magellan, Lowrance, Navman, and TomTom.

35. Teletype GPS - compactflash, bluetooth gps receiver
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