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gps and pda and palmThe GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.
GPS is short for (the) Global Positioning System, a satellite navigation system developed by the US Department of Defense. A fleet of more than two dozen GPS satellites broadcasts precise timing signals to GPS receivers, allowing them to accurately determine location anywhere on Earth. In practice, this means that using a GPS device, you can find out where you are in terms of longitude, latitude and altitude. Commercial civilian GPS receivers are purposefully less accurate than they might be. In specific, they are required to have limits on the velocities and altitudes at which they will report coordinates in order to prevent them from being used to create improvised missiles. Because GPS is as much an accurate time keeper as a locator, one of the most common applications for GPS units is as a reference clock for time code generators or NTP clocks. For instance, when monitoring earthquakes, each seismic sensor can be synched with the GPS system to provide a synchronized, precise time source for measurements. In late 2005, the US government introduced the first in a series of new generation GPS staellites offering new capabilities. Chief among these is a second civilian GPS signal called L2C for greater accuracy and reliability. GPS allows the military to accurately target its missile arsenal, largely composed of cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. This was born out by the use of SOFLAM (Special Operations Forces Laser Acquisition Markers) targeting during the attacks on Tora Bora in Afghanistan. It also improves the accuracy of the US submarine launched ballistic missiles by providing precise locational information to the submarine commanders. Finally, command and control over troops is improved because commanders know precisely where their troops and the enemy are located on the battlefield. GPS receivers come in a variety of consumer formats, and today can be found in cars, watches, phones boats and planes. Major manufacturers include Trimble, Garmin and Leica, low-end, hand-held consumer units are often available at less than $100 per unit. Atomic clocks on the GPS satellites are set to "GPS time", which is the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 6, 1980. UTC is short for Coordinated Universal Time. Today, GPS time is 14 seconds ahead of UTC, because it does not follow leap seconds. That's why new GPS units initially show the incorrect time after achieving a GPS lock for the first time. However, this is usually corrected on the display within 15 minutes once the UTC offset message is received for the first time. GPS signals can also be affected by multipath reflections of the radio signals off the ground and/or surrounding structures (buildings, canyon walls, etc). For long delay multipath signals, the receiver itself can filter the signals out. A variety of receiver techniques, most notably Narrow Correlator spacing, have been developed to mitigate multipath errors. In early years, the US military made the civilian application purposefully less powerful than it could. But since August 2000, the GPS civilian application provides the accuracy of GPS signals to within 2 meters (6 ft). Fact is, GPS accuracy can be improved further, to about 1 cm (half an inch) over short distances, using techniques such as Differential GPS (DGPS). GPS receivers calculate their current position (latitude, longitude, elevation), and the precise time, using the process of trilateration after measuring the distance to at least four satellites by comparing the satellites' coded time signal transmissions. GPS derives in part from its predecssor, the LORAN navigation system. LORAN was designed for ship and airplane navigation in the 1940s for use during World War II. The US military has developed the ability to locally deny GPS (and other navigation services) to hostile forces in a specific area of crisis without affecting the rest of the world or its own military systems. Such Navigation Warfare uses techniques such as local jamming to replace the blunt, world-wide degradation of civilian GPS service that SA represented. In 1996, President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS to be a dual-use system, meaning that it could be made avilable for a wide range of civilian and military purposes. The United States Department of Defense developed the system, officially named NAVSTAR GPS (Navigation Signal Timing and Ranging GPS), and the satellites are managed by the 50th Space Wing at Schriever Air Force Base. Although the cost of maintaining the system is significant, GPS is available for free use in civilian and commercial applications.
1. PDA Pundit: Palm Add-On Gets GPS Right, Mostly - PCWorld
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Palm-Based PDA Gives Directions - PC World Garmin's iQue 3600 builds in GPS along with standard handheld applications. ... Called the iQue 3600, the new PDA runs Palm OS 5 from PalmSource and has a Motorola ... 38. FREE Palm Centro Black GPS Touchscreen PDA Phone AT&T ... Palm Centro is an affordable touchscreen PDA phone that provide bunch of features and specifications, including GPS navigation System, MP3 music player, 1.3 ... 39. PDA Ratings ConsumerSearch rates and ranks reviews of PDAs for credibility of testing. Links to reviews and research are included. 40. Buy Palm Phones and Accessories : Palm Store USA Shop the latest Palm phones and accessories at the Palm Store. ... feature added to a voice and data plan. Limitations apply to GPS. Within wireless coverage area only. ... } ?>
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