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global gps gps navigation position positioning satThe GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.
Most ships and airplanes are equipped with GPS systems so that they can accurately plot on a map where they are. In planes, this is especially useful during bad weather, and in ships in knowing where shallow water and other sunken obstacles may lie. The most recent launch was in September 2005. The oldest GPS satellite still in operation was launched in February 1989. The GPS system uses a satellite constellation of 24 satellites in intermediate circular orbits. The orbits are designed so at least four satellites are always within line of sight from almost any place on earth. The constellation also includes three spare satellites in orbit. GPS allows the military to accurately target its missile arsenal, largely composed of cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. This was born out by the use of SOFLAM (Special Operations Forces Laser Acquisition Markers) targeting during the attacks on Tora Bora in Afghanistan. It also improves the accuracy of the US submarine launched ballistic missiles by providing precise locational information to the submarine commanders. Finally, command and control over troops is improved because commanders know precisely where their troops and the enemy are located on the battlefield. GPS receivers calculate their current position (latitude, longitude, elevation), and the precise time, using the process of trilateration after measuring the distance to at least four satellites by comparing the satellites' coded time signal transmissions. The first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched in February 1978. The GPS satellites were initially manufactured by Rockwell International and now manufactured by Lockheed Martin. Each satellite repeatedly re-broadcasts the exact time according to its internal atomic clock along with a digital data packet that includes the satellite's precise position, satellite status messages, and an almanac of the approximate position of every other active GPS satellite. The almanac lets GPS receivers use data from the strongest satellite signal to locate other satellites. In early years, the US military made the civilian application purposefully less powerful than it could. But since August 2000, the GPS civilian application provides the accuracy of GPS signals to within 2 meters (6 ft). Fact is, GPS accuracy can be improved further, to about 1 cm (half an inch) over short distances, using techniques such as Differential GPS (DGPS). One of biggest problems for GPS accuracy is that changing atmospheric conditions change the speed of the GPS signals unpredictably as they pass through the ionosphere. The effect is minimized when the satellite is directly overhead and becomes greater toward the horizon, as the satellite signals must travel through the greater "thickness" of the ionosphere as the angle increases. Once the receiver's rough location is known, an internal mathematical model can be used to estimate and correct for the error. GPS is coming into common use in cars these days. Most new cars allow you to purchase GPS technology that will help you plot your trip from one location to the next.
1. Global Positioning System
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Fundamental Positioning Methodology. Introduction. The Global Position System (GPS) is a ... 31. GPS Navigation Le GPS est un système de navigation radio qui permet de définir une position par ... différentiel (Satellite Differentiel) qu'elles acheminent à tout les GPS WAAS compatible ... 32. Sam Wormley's Global Positioning System (GPS) Resources GPS, Global Positioning System, Waypoints, Maps ... GLONASS - The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), being deployed by the Russian Federation, has ... 33. GPS and Relativity Further, many luxury cars now come with built-in navigation systems that include ... Defense to provide a satellite-based navigation system for the U.S. ... 34. GPS Navigation, Data Logger, Kinematics - NovAtel Inc ... NovAtel Inc. designs and produces GPS navigation systems and data loggers to assist with your organizations kinematics measurement needs. 35. GPS Portable: GPS Navigation Comment Bien Choisir son GPS ? Les critères à prendre en compte. Apprendre à s'en servir facilement 36. Global Positioning System(GPS) - GPS Future Gives an overview of global positioning system applications, segments, devices, navigation and its future. 37. GPS System - Global Positioning System - What is GSP? GPS is the U.S. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). A network ... The satellite navigation device may display its position as longitude/latitude, ... 38. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System. Originally established by the Department of Defense, the global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite navigation system. ... } ?>
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