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The GPS or Global Positioning System is a global navigation system used for military and civilian applications alike.

As a positioning system, GPS allows users to map waypoints, tracking their position on a map to within a few meters of their exact location. Civilian use GPS systems are made by companies such as Magellan, Garmin and Trimble.


The GPS system uses a satellite constellation of 24 satellites in intermediate circular orbits. The orbits are designed so at least four satellites are always within line of sight from almost any place on earth. The constellation also includes three spare satellites in orbit.

GPS signals can also be affected by multipath reflections of the radio signals off the ground and/or surrounding structures (buildings, canyon walls, etc). For long delay multipath signals, the receiver itself can filter the signals out. A variety of receiver techniques, most notably Narrow Correlator spacing, have been developed to mitigate multipath errors.

GPS receivers come in a variety of consumer formats, and today can be found in cars, watches, phones boats and planes. Major manufacturers include Trimble, Garmin and Leica, low-end, hand-held consumer units are often available at less than $100 per unit.

Most ships and airplanes are equipped with GPS systems so that they can accurately plot on a map where they are. In planes, this is especially useful during bad weather, and in ships in knowing where shallow water and other sunken obstacles may lie.

In 1985, ten experimental Block-I satellites were up. A complete "constellation" of 24 satellites was in orbit by January 17, 1994.

Selective Availablity typically added signal errors of up to about 10 m horizontally and 30 m vertically. The inaccuracy of the civilian signal was deliberately encoded so as not to change very quickly, for instance the entire eastern US area might read 30 m off, but 30 m off everywhere and in the same direction. In order to improve the usefulness of GPS for civilian navigation, Differential GPS was used by many civilian GPS receivers to greatly improve accuracy.

In 1998, Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability, particularly with respect to aviation safety.

When it was first deployed, GPS included a feature called Selective Availability (or SA) that introduced intentional errors of up to a hundred meters into the publicly available navigation signals, making it difficult to use for guiding long range missiles to precise targets. Additional accuracy was available in the signal, but in an encrypted form that was only available to the United States military, its allies and a few others, mostly government users.

GPS has become a vital global utility, indispensable for modern navigation on land, sea, and air around the world, as well as an important tool for map-making, and land surveying. GPS also provides an extremely precise time reference, required for telecommunications and some scientific research, including the study of earthquakes.

The first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched in February 1978. The GPS satellites were initially manufactured by Rockwell International and now manufactured by Lockheed Martin.

GPS derives in part from its predecssor, the LORAN navigation system. LORAN was designed for ship and airplane navigation in the 1940s for use during World War II.

Hand-held GPS units are often used by hikers and mountain climbers to plot their courses and to accurately reflect exactly where they are. The author once used GPS to organize a helicopter evacuation of an injured motorcycle rider in a remote region of the La Sal mountains in Utah. A reading was taken, coordinates given, and the pilot was able to find us with ease.

The US military has developed the ability to locally deny GPS (and other navigation services) to hostile forces in a specific area of crisis without affecting the rest of the world or its own military systems. Such Navigation Warfare uses techniques such as local jamming to replace the blunt, world-wide degradation of civilian GPS service that SA represented.

More accurate GPS receivers are used these days in surveying to accurately locate boundaries, structures and so on.

Commercial civilian GPS receivers are purposefully less accurate than they might be. In specific, they are required to have limits on the velocities and altitudes at which they will report coordinates in order to prevent them from being used to create improvised missiles.



1. GPS receiver chips
u-blox: provider of GPS receiver modules and chips, GPS software, 2G/3G/ 3.5G modem modules and wireless 2G and 3G reference designs

2. GPS Receiver Chip Performance Survey
GPS component manufacturers are in a race to produce GPS chip receivers at a lower cost and with increased sensitivity, reduced footprint size ...

3. SiRFstar III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A modern SiRFstarIII chip based 20-channel GPS receiver with WAAS/EGNOS support. ... GPS microcontroller chips interpret signals from GPS satellites and determine ...

4. Epson's tiny GPS receiver will make everything location aware ...
Small, right? That's Epson's Infineon XPOSYS chip, its next generation Assisted-GPS device set for mass production in late 2009. The chip measures ju

5. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GPS receivers are now integrated in many mobile phones. The Global Positioning System ... GPS satellites broadcast signals from space, which each GPS receiver ...

6. Gps Chip-Gps Chip Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters on ...
Choose quality Gps Chip Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters at ... The Polstar G-Mouse PGM-648 is a high performance serial GPS receiver that is both compact and portable...

7. GPS - NaviLink 5.0 Solution: NL5350
NaviLink 5.0 single-chip GPS solution: NL5350

8. How to Choose a GPS Receiver: Expert Advice from REI
All GPS receivers sold at REI perform four basic functions: location, distance/direction ... A high-sensitivity processor chip, such as the SiRF Star III, dramatically enhances ...

9. Welcome to SiRF Technology
Host-based GPS Receiver Featuring SiRFaware Technology. The SiRFstarIV ... BOM cost and design risk while delivering industry-leading GPS performance. ...

10. GPS Chips
Almost all GPS receivers based on this chipset can be switched ... Other GPS Chipset Manufacturers are listed here but their chips aren't used in ...

11. W0RPK GPSv60KFT
GPS receiver manufacturers are allowed some leeway to juggle the ... Some other DeLuo GPS receivers are based on either the SiRF Star-I or SiRF Star-II chip sets which are ...

12. GLONASS+GPS Receiver Chip | GPS World
The NV08C-MCM is a mass-produced chipset for consumer devices that supports GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+Compass signals in a compact 9 2 12 2 2.4 millimeter BGA case. Power ...

13. Satellite Receiver Chip-Satellite Receiver Chip Manufacturers ...
Choose quality Satellite Receiver Chip Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters at alibaba.com. ... Home > Showroom > Search : satellite receiver chip 239 Products ...

14. GPS: The Challenge of a Single Chip | GPS World
The idea of integrating a complete GPS receiver onto a single chip has taken on some of the same character as the search for the Holy Grail.

15. GPS chip design
GPS receivers have been miniaturized to just a few integrated ... Design a GPS chip which could be used in cars or ships, where power consumption is not a major constraint. ...

16. ANTARIS4 Single-chip GPS Receiver ATR0630
Single-chip GPS. Receiver. ATR0630. 4920DGPS03/07. 2. 4920DGPS03/07 ... is a low-power, single-chip GPS receiver, especially designed to meet the ...

17. GPS Receivers and Bluetooth GPS Receiver Chips in Taiwan ...
In Taiwan, GPS receiver and bluetooth GPS receiver chip manufacutrers, besides takingover international gps receiver companies' orders, also develop ...

18. ACLYS GPS Receiver Chip 70% Cost Reduction Breakthrough
The ACLYS GPS receiver chip has a claimed 70% cost reduction compared to conventional ... The ACLYS chip is not a dedicated GPS chip and achieves impressively ...

19. GPS - WebOS Internals
The Palm Pre has a built-in hardware GPS, it's integrated in the radio receiver chip. ... The GPS receiver hardware chip is physically located on the Comm ...

20. IntelliGolf - IntelliGPS Certification
IntelliGPSŪ Certified GPS Receivers and Handhelds ... I. Customer Referred Smartphones with Embedded GPS chips. IntelliGolf users have reported that the smartphones ...

21. Atheros Introduces New AR1520 OEM GPS Receiver Chip, Software ...
Atheros Introduces New AR1520 OEM GPS Receiver Chip, Software ... The AR1520 combines a GPS RF front end and GPS baseband processor on a single die and runs on a 32-bit CPU. ...

22. A Single Chip Silicon Bipolar Receiver for GPS/GLONASS ...
Describes a silicon bipolar ASIC design for high-end GPS receivers that delivers a reference frequency and IF outputs to allow for tracking of GLONASS satellites.

23. GPS Chip
The XAiOX X3 GPS Receiver features the 16 channels Ultra low power GPS architecture. ... It is easy to connect the GPS receiver to your PDA or notebook. ...

24. GPS receiver chipset from NavSync
GPS receiver modules - specialized manufacturer of ultra high sensitive AGPS modules for the OEM marketplace.

25. GPS Receiver, GPS Receiver Chip - Princeton Technology Corp.
GPS receiver manufacuturer, Princeton Technology Corp. supplies high quality GPS receivers manufactured in state-of-the-art facilities.

26. GPS Chip Manufacturers & Suppliers
GPS Chip Manufacturers Verified with 3 or more face-to-face visits by Global Sources Choose Verified Wholesale GPS Chip Manufacturers & Suppliers

27. Hardware:AGPS - Openmoko
The legislation does not say "A GPS receiver capable of...unless it is restricted by license" ... in other words, the chip solves the GPS equations, and if the user's speed and ...

28. LinksPoint: Hardware: Serial GPS
LinksPoint's GlobalPoint GPS Serial receiver is designed for use with vehicle docking cradles for handheld ... The LinksPoint GPS attachment uses the SiRFstarIII chip set. ...

29. MAX2742 Single-Chip Global Positioning System Receiver Front ...
Overview: The MAX2742 complete single-chip global positioning system (GPS) RF front-end utilizes many innovative and leading-edge RF CMOS design techniques. This ...

30. SkyTraq introduces single chip GPS receiver
Taiwan-based SkyTraq has introduced its Venus634LP GPS receiver, a single-chip GPS receiver using the company's low-power Venus6T GPS architecture.

31. On Chip GPS Receiver - ELEKTOR.com | Electronics ...
Air Semiconductor announced the Airwave-1 single-chip GPS receivers. Airwave-1 is a GPS receiver requiring as little as 1% of the power drawn by...

32. Navigation Nugget
Navigation Nugget is the first GPS receiver in the world to in ... New chip-scale atomic clock plus GPS receiver transforms navigation. Figure 1. Diagram of ...

33. A Single Chip Silicon Bipolar Receiver for GPS/GLONASS ...
A Single Chip Silicon Bipolar Receiver for GPS/GLONASS Applications ... receiver solution for a range of GPS/GLONASS products aimed at the professional market ...

34. GPS-201 GPS Receiver
GPS-201 GPS Receiver. Sony 3G GPS chipset or Nemerix chipset. Very low ... powerful CPU, base band and RF front-end hardware in a SOC (System On Chip) design ...

35. ANTARIS4 Single-chip GPS Receiver SuperSense ATR0635
384 Kbytes Internal ROM with u-blox GPS Firmware SuperSense ... The ATR0635 is a low-power, single-chip GPS receiver, especially designed to meet the. requirements of mobile ...

36. www.orcam-gps.com
OEM GPS Receiver modules ... Based on the much acclaimed SiRFstar3 GPS-chip, the Orcam GPS3x series offers unparallelled tracking and navigation performance, with low power ...

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